Search results for "Canonical form"
showing 10 items of 17 documents
Adaptive-Gain Observers and Applications
2007
We distinguish two kinds of observers for nonlinear systems which are used by scientists and engineers: empirical observers and converging observers.
A note on the rational canonical form of an endomorphism of a vector space of finite dimension
2018
[EN] In this note, we give an easy algorithm to construct the rational canonical form of a square matrix or an endomorphism h of a finite dimensional vector space which does not depend on either the structure theorem for finitely generated modules over principal ideal domains or matrices over the polynomial ring. The algorithm is based on the construction of an element whose minimum polynomial coincides with the minimum polynomial of the endomorphism and on the fact that the h-invariant subspace generated by such an element admits an h-invariant complement. It is also shown that this element can be easily obtained without the factorisation of a polynomial as a product of irreducible polynom…
Unitary Groups Acting on Grassmannians Associated with a Quadratic Extension of Fields
2006
Let (V, H) be an anisotropic Hermitian space of finite dimension over the algebraic closure of a real closed field K. We determine the orbits of the group of isometries of (V, H) in the set of K-subspaces of V . Throughout the paper K denotes a real closed field and K its algebraic closure. Then it is well known (see, for example, [4, Chapter 2], [23]; see also [8]) that K = K(i) with i = √−1. Also we let (V,H) be an anisotropic Hermitian space (with respect to the involution underlying the quadratic field extension K/K) of finite dimension n over K. In this context we consider the natural action of the unitary group U = U(V,H) of isometries of (V,H) on the set Xd of all ddimensional K-subs…
The structure of the state representation of shift invariant controllable and observable group codes
2000
AbstractIn this paper an investigation on the structure of the canonical trellis section of shift invariant, l-controllable and m-observable group codes is carried out. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of group homomorphisms in order that they represent the trellis section of this class of codes are established.
The Action of the Symplectic Group Associated with a Quadratic Extension of Fields
1999
Abstract Given a quadratic extension L/K of fields and a regular alternating space (V, f) of finite dimension over L, we classify K-subspaces of V which do not split into the orthogonal sum of two proper K-subspaces. This allows one to determine the orbits of the group SpL(V, f) in the set of K-subspaces of V.
L'azione del gruppo simplettico associata ad un'estensione quadratica di campi
2000
Given a quadratic extension L/K of fields and a regular alternating space (V; f) of finite dimension over L, we classify K-subspaces of V which do not split into the orthogonal sum of two proper K-subspaces. This allows one to determine the orbits of the group Sp_L(V; f) in the set of K-subspaces of V.
Unitary groups acting on hyperbolic substructures
2005
Given a quadratic extension L/K of fields and a regular l-Hermitian space (V,h) of finite dimension over L, we study the orbits of the group of isometries of (V,h) in the set of hyperbolic K-substructures of V.
Analytic result for the nonplanar hexa-box integrals.
2019
In this paper, we analytically compute all master integrals for one of the two non-planar integral families for five-particle massless scattering at two loops. We first derive an integral basis of 73 integrals with constant leading singularities. We then construct the system of differential equations satisfied by them, and find that it is in canonical form. The solution space is in agreement with a recent conjecture for the non-planar pentagon alphabet. We fix the boundary constants of the differential equations by exploiting constraints from the absence of unphysical singularities. The solution of the differential equations in the Euclidean region is expressed in terms of iterated integral…
Pentagon functions for massless planar scattering amplitudes
2018
Loop amplitudes for massless five particle scattering processes contain Feynman integrals depending on the external momentum invariants: pentagon functions. We perform a detailed study of the analyticity properties and cut structure of these functions up to two loops in the planar case, where we classify and identify the minimal set of basis functions. They are computed from the canonical form of their differential equations and expressed in terms of generalized polylogarithms, or alternatively as one-dimensional integrals. We present analytical expressions and numerical evaluation routines for these pentagon functions, in all kinematical configurations relevant to five-particle scattering …
All Master Integrals for Three-Jet Production at Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order
2019
We evaluate analytically all previously unknown nonplanar master integrals for massless five-particle scattering at two loops, using the differential equations method. A canonical form of the differential equations is obtained by identifying integrals with constant leading singularities, in D space-time dimensions. These integrals evaluate to Q-linear combinations of multiple polylogarithms of uniform weight at each order in the expansion in the dimensional regularization parameter and are in agreement with previous conjectures for nonplanar pentagon functions. Our results provide the complete set of two-loop Feynman integrals for any massless 2→3 scattering process, thereby opening up a ne…